Token standards are regulations and protocols governing token operations on a blockchain. Various blockchains have their own standards to ensure smooth interoperability, security, and efficiency. Here's a rundown of key token standards across Ethereum, Solana, Binance Smart Chain (BNB), and XRP Ledger:

Ethereum Token Standards:

- ERC-20: Used for fungible tokens, interchangeable for currencies, staking, and utility tokens.

- ERC-721: For unique and non-interchangeable NFTs.

- ERC-777: Enhances ERC-20 with more complex interactions and features for improved privacy and security.

- ERC-1155: Allows creation of both fungible and non-fungible tokens within a single contract.

- ERC-4626: Optimizes tokenized vaults for better management and returns.

- DN-404: An experimental standard aiming to enhance efficiency and interoperability of tokenized assets.

Solana Token Standards:

- SPL (Solana Program Library): Unified standard for both fungible and non-fungible tokens, defining differences at token creation.

- Token-2022: An enhancement introducing new functionalities like interest-bearing tokens and enhanced transfers.

BNB (Binance Smart Chain) Token Standards:

- BEP-2: Used on the original Binance Beacon Chain, mainly for BNB and other tokens on Binance decentralized exchange.

- BEP-20: Compatible with Ethereum's ERC-20 standard, allowing various token types and easy swapping with BEP-2 tokens.

XRP Ledger Token Standards:

- XRP: Native token of the XRP Ledger, essential for transactions and cross-border payments.

- XLS (XRP Ledger Standards): Specifications for creating and managing tokens on the XRP Ledger, ensuring interoperability within the ecosystem.

Key Differences:

- Interoperability and Ecosystem: Ethereum's ERC standards are specialized but complex, while Solana's SPL offers lower fees and faster settlements. BNB's BEP standards aim for Ethereum compatibility, and XRP Ledger's XLS focuses on interoperability within its ecosystem.

- Transaction Costs and Speed: Ethereum incurs higher costs and slower processing, Solana boasts lower fees and faster transactions, BNB Smart Chain offers lower costs, and XRP Ledger prioritizes fast cross-border payments.

- Token Types and Flexibility: Ethereum offers various token standards catering to different needs, Solana combines fungible and non-fungible tokens, BNB extends ERC-20, and XRP Ledger provides a framework for token creation.

Each standard serves a crucial role in its respective blockchain ecosystem, enabling standardized and interoperable management, creation, and transfer of digital assets.