The web3 space has different consensus mechanisms– from proof-of-stake to proof-of-work. These mechanisms enhance the security, trust, and credibility of blockchain operations. In this article, we'll explore Zero Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) and their pivotal role in ensuring privacy and security.

What is Zero Knowledge?

Zero Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs), rooted in cryptographic protocols, involve two parties: the prover and the verifier. This concept was presented by

Shafi Goldwasser, Silvio Micali and Charles Rackoff 1985 in a 1985 MIT research paper.

Zero Knowledge allows the verification of a user without explicitly revealing the credentials used for verification.

Example: John wants to access a service and can still be verified without disclosing his ID to a third party through the use of a proof or protocol that doesn't explicitly reveal the information.

How Zero Knowledge Works

In ZK, the prover asks the verifier to perform actions that can only be accurately executed if the prover possesses the necessary proof. Three critical properties define a zero-knowledge proof: completeness, soundness, and zero-knowledge, where the verifier confirms the proof's validity without gaining knowledge of the proof.

A notable illustration of zero-knowledge proofs is the Ali Baba Cave story, first published in 1990 by Jean-Jacques Quisquater.

Uses of Zero Knowledge

Zero Knowledge Proofs find applications in various domains:

Privacy and Security in Cryptocurrencies:

ZKPs enhance the privacy and security of transactions in the Web3 space.

Electronic Voting Systems:

They ensure voter privacy and maintain the integrity of an online electoral process.

Privacy on Public Chain Networks:

ZKPs play a role in achieving privacy on public chain networks like Ethereum.

Scaling of Layer2 Blockchains:

ZKPs support the scaling of layer 2 blockchains.

Identity Management:

Protecting personal information while validating identity, for example, verifying a citizen without revealing their passport.

Zero Knowledge-Based Solutions

Some projects leveraging Zero Knowledge Proofs include:

DECO: DECO is a privacy-preserving oracle protocol that utilizes Zero Knowledge Proofs.

Polygon: Polygon is an Ethereum-based layer 2 blockchain incorporating ZKPs in its architecture.

Metis: Metis provides scalability and privacy through Zero-Knowledge proofs.

Learn more about Zero-Knowledge Proofs in this video by Chainlink.

Zero Knowledge Proofs stand as a cornerstone in the quest for privacy and security in the evolving landscape of Web3. As advancements in blockchain technology continue, the role of ZKPs will likely expand, unlocking new possibilities and ensuring a more secure digital future.

Cover Image by Freepik