Blockchain scalability is a crucial issue for widespread adoption. Several solutions are being explored:

1. Sharding: Dividing the blockchain network into smaller shards, each processing its transactions, reducing the burden on the main chain.

2. Layer 2 Solutions: Implementing protocols like Lightning Network or Plasma, which conduct transactions off-chain but settle them on the main chain, reducing congestion.

3. Consensus Mechanism Enhancements: Optimizing consensus algorithms like Proof of Stake (PoS) or Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) to increase transaction throughput.

4. Sidechains: Creating parallel chains that can process transactions independently but still connect back to the main blockchain.

5. Off-chain Solutions: Moving certain transactions off-chain entirely, only interacting with the main chain for settlement.

6. Optimistic Rollups: A Layer 2 scaling solution that bundles multiple transactions off-chain into a single transaction on-chain.

7. State Channels: Allowing parties to transact with each other directly off-chain, only settling the final state on the main chain.

Each solution has its pros and cons, and the effectiveness depends on the specific needs and architecture of the blockchain network in question.