Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an essential technology in combating climate change, as it reduces greenhouse gas emissions from industrial sources. CCS captures carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from power plants, industrial processes, and directly from the air, storing them underground to prevent atmospheric release.

How CCS Works:

1. Capture: CO2 is captured from power plants, industrial processes, or directly from the air using technologies such as post-combustion capture, pre-combustion capture, or direct air capture.

2. Transportation: The captured CO2 is transported to a storage site via pipelines or ships.

3. Storage: CO2 is injected into geological formations, like depleted oil fields or saline aquifers, for long-term storage.

Benefits of CCS:

1. Reduces Emissions: CCS can reduce CO2 emissions from industrial sources by up to 90%.

2. Supports Paris Agreement Goals: CCS is crucial for limiting global warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.

3. **Enhances Oil Recovery:** Injecting CO2 can boost oil production from existing fields.

4. **Creates Jobs:** The development and deployment of CCS can create new job opportunities.

#### Challenges and Future Directions:

1. Cost: High costs are a barrier to widespread adoption.

2. Public Perception: Addressing concerns about the safety and effectiveness of CCS is crucial.

3. Policy Support: Strong policies and regulations are needed to promote deployment.

4. Technology Advancements: Continued innovation will enhance efficiency and reduce costs.

Ccarbon capture and storage is vital for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving a low-carbon future. While challenges exist, advancements and supportive policies can help overcome these barriers, making CCS an essential tool in the fight against climate change.