Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin believes that Layer-2 protocols have become a cultural extension of the main Ethereum network, fostering a diverse and pluralistic ecosystem.

In his recent blog post, Buterin emphasized that the key difference between Layer-1 and Layer-2 protocols lies in their organizational structure rather than technical capabilities. He believes that Layer-2-centric ecosystems have an inherent pluralistic nature, allowing for a greater diversity of approaches to scaling, virtual machine design, and other technological features.

Buterin highlighted that Ethereum is like a hub where developers can build sub-ecosystems with distinct features, transcending technology to include culture. He noted that this characterization is supported by researcher Paul Dylan-Ennis, who has identified three main Ethereum subcultures: Cypherpunks, Regens, and Degens.

Each subculture has its unique characteristics, but Ethereum's flexibility as a developer platform offers them a playing field "where the subculture can engage in action and not just talking." Cypherpunks focus on core Ethereum research and development, Regens engage in non-financial applications, and Degens trade memecoins, NFTs, and play games.

Buterin emphasized that Layer-2 protocols are the ultimate playing field for action, offering the opportunity for subcultures with substantial resources to emerge. He highlighted a few L2s, including Optimism, MegaETH, and Starknet, which are organized around building something.

Ultimately, the core value proposition of the L2-centric approach to culture is its attempt to balance the benefits of pluralism and cooperation.