Industry bans refer to the suspension or revocation of trading licenses or memberships, prohibiting individuals or firms from participating in the securities industry. This can include:

1. _Trading license suspension or revocation_: Regulatory bodies suspending or revoking licenses to trade securities.

2. _Membership suspension or revocation_: Self-regulatory organizations (SROs) suspending or revoking membership.

3. _Industry bars_: Regulators or SROs banning individuals or firms from the industry.

4. _Registration revocation_: Regulators revoking registration as a broker-dealer, investment advisor, or other industry professional.

Industry bans are imposed for various reasons, including:

1. _Fraud or misconduct_: Engaging in fraudulent activities, unethical behavior, or other serious violations.

2. _Regulatory violations_: Repeated or severe violations of securities laws, regulations, or industry rules.

3. _Unfitness_: Demonstrating unfitness to engage in the securities industry due to dishonesty, incompetence, or other factors.

4. _Failure to comply_: Failing to comply with regulatory requirements, such as reporting or record-keeping obligations.

Industry bans aim to:

1. _Protect investors_: Prevent harmful or unethical individuals or firms from interacting with investors.

2. _Maintain market integrity_: Ensure fair and honest markets by removing bad actors.

3. _Deter future violations_: Discourage others from engaging in similar misconduct.

4. _Preserve public trust_: Uphold the integrity of the securities industry and maintain public confidence.