By utilizing cryptographic algorithms and blockchain consensus mechanisms, identity data is protected through:

1. _Encryption_: Identity data is encrypted, making it unreadable to unauthorized parties.

2. _Hash functions_: Data is transformed into unique digital fingerprints, ensuring data integrity.

3. _Public-key cryptography_: Secure key pairs enable secure data sharing and verification.

4. _Digital signatures_: Verifiable digital signatures ensure authenticity and non-repudiation.

5. _Consensus mechanisms_: Blockchain networks validate and secure data through distributed consensus.

6. _Immutable ledger_: Data is stored in an immutable ledger, preventing tampering or alteration.

7. _Access control_: Decentralized identity systems enforce access controls, ensuring only authorized access.

8. _Pseudonymity_: Individuals can use pseudonyms or anonymous identities for privacy.

9. _Homomorphic encryption_: Enables computation on encrypted data, preserving privacy.

10. _Zero-knowledge proofs_: Verifies identity without revealing underlying data.

By leveraging these privacy and security measures, decentralized identity management ensures:

1. _Data protection_

2. _Identity verification_

3. _Privacy preservation_

4. _Security_

5. _Integrity_

6. _Authenticity_

7. _Non-repudiation_

8. _Compliance_

Individuals can trust that their identity data is secure, private, and under their control, enabling a more secure and privacy-focused digital identity ecosystem.