Ransomware is a type of malicious software (malware) that is designed to encrypt a victim's files or lock them out of their computer or network. Once the victim's files are encrypted or their system is compromised, the attacker demands a ransom, usually in cryptocurrency, in exchange for the decryption key or to regain access to their system. Ransomware attacks have become a significant cybersecurity threat in recent years.

Key characteristics of ransomware attacks include:

File Encryption: Ransomware typically encrypts files on the victim's computer or network, making them inaccessible.

Ransom Demand: Attackers demand a ransom payment in exchange for a decryption key or to restore access to the victim's system.

Cryptocurrency Payment: Ransom payments are usually demanded in cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, which offer a degree of anonymity to the attacker.

Time Pressure: Attackers often impose a time limit on victims to pay the ransom. If the ransom is not paid within the specified timeframe, the decryption key may be destroyed, resulting in permanent data loss.

Threats: Ransomware attackers may threaten to permanently delete files, release sensitive data to the public, or continue disrupting the victim's systems if the ransom is not paid.

Phishing and Exploits: Ransomware is commonly delivered through phishing emails or exploiting vulnerabilities in software or systems.

There are several types of ransomware, including crypto-ransomware, which encrypts files, and locker ransomware, which locks users out of their devices. Some well-known ransomware families include WannaCry, Ryuk, and GandCrab.

Ransomware attacks can have severe consequences, leading to data loss, financial losses, and reputational damage. Organizations and individuals are advised to take proactive steps to protect themselves from ransomware attacks, such as regularly backing up their data, keeping software and systems up to date, and being cautious of suspicious emails and attachments.